DRUG ABUSE

GOOD MORNING BOYS .
MARK YOUR ATTENDANCE FIRST.


Today we will achieve the following LEARNING OUTCOMES:
Students will be  able to -

1.  Understand & analyse the different composition, structure & function of the Drugs used  by adolescent .

2. Enumerate the various symptoms & affected area in the body by the usage  of the particular drugs used.

3. Interprets the prevention methods for it .


GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS :

1. Write your notes in your register.

2. There is only 1 YouTube video link provided with this blog . Watch it first and then start reading the blog notes.

3. Ask your doubts .


let's begin ....

DRUGS AND ALCOHOL ABUSE

The commonly abused drugs are opioids, cannbinoids and coca alkaloids. Most of them are obtained from flowering plants. Some are obtained from fungi.

Opioids: These drugs bind to specific opioid receptors in our central nervous system and in gastrointestinal tract. Heroin is commonly called smack. Chemically, it is diacetylmorphine; which is a white, odorless, bitter crystalline compound. Heroin is obtained by acetylation of morphine. Morphine is extracted from the latex of poppy plant (Papaver somniferum). It is generally taken by snorting and injection. It is depressant and slows down body functions.

FIG: PAPAVER SOMNIFERUM 

Cannabinoids: These are a group of chemicals which interact with cannabinoid receptors present mainly in the brain. Natural cannabinoids are obtained from the inflorescences of the plant Canabis sativa. The flower tops, leaves and resin of this plant are used in various combinations to produce marijuana, hashish, charas and ganja. It is generally taken by inhalation and oral ingestion. These substances act on cardiovascular system.

FIG: CANNABIS SATIVA  

FIG: MARIJUANA   

                                                                 

Cocaine: Coca alkaloid or cocaine is obtained from coca plant (Erythroxylum coca). It interferes with the transport of dopamine (a neurotransmitter). It is usually snorted. It acts on the central nervous system, and produces a sense of euphoria and increased energy.

FIG: ERYTHROXYLEM COCA

Some plants with hallucinogenic properties are Atropabelladona and.

FIG: ATROPABELLADONA 

Drugs like barbiturates, amphetamines, benzodiazepines, lysergic acid diethyl amides (LSD), and other similar drugs generally used to help patients with mental illnesses. These drugs are often abused by many people.

Tobacco-

• Tobacco conatins nicotine, an alkaloid.
• Nicotine stimulates adrenal gland to release adrenaline and nor-adrenaline into blood circulation, both of which raise blood pressure and increase heart rate.
• Smoking of tobacco is associated with increased incidence of cancers of lung, urinary bladder, throat, oral cavity, bronchitis, emphysema, coronary heart disease, gastric ulcer etc.

FIG: TOBACCO LEAVES

Adolescence and Drug/Alcohol Abuse

Adolescence is the period of dramatic physical and psychological changes in a person. An adolescent person is at high risk of falling in the trap of drug/alcohol abuse. Common causes are; curiosity, excitement, experimentation, etc.

ADDICTION AND DEPENDENCE

Addiction is a psychological attachment to certain effects –such as euphoria and a temporary feeling of well-being – associated with drugs and alcohol.

With repeated use of drugs, the tolerance level of the receptors present in our body increases and consequently the receptors respond only to higher doses of drugs or alcohol leading to greater intake and addiction.

Dependence is the tendency of the body to manifest a characteristic and unpleasant withdrawal syndrome if regular dose of drugs/alcohol is abruptly discontinued.

Withdrawal syndrome is characterised by anxiety, shakiness, nausea and sweating.

EFFECTS, PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF DRUG/ALCOHOL ABUSE

Immediate effects are reckless behavior, vandalism and violence.

Excessive doses of drugs may lead to coma and death due to respiratory failure, heart failure or cerebral hemorrhage.

Those who take drugs intravenously can get infected with AIDS, hepatitis B.

The chronic use of drugs and alcohol damages nervous system and cause liver cirrhosis.

The use of drugs and alcohol during pregnancy is also known to adversely affect the foetus.

Use of anabolic steroids in females can cause masculinisation, increased aggressiveness, mood swings, depression, abnormal menstrual cycles, excessive hair, growth on the face and body, enlargement of clitoris, deepening of voice.

In males anabolic steroids can cause acne, increased aggressiveness, mood swings, depression, reduction of size of the testicles, decreased sperm production, potential for kidney and liver dysfunction, breast enlargement, premature baldness, enlargement of the prostate gland.

Prevention and Control

The measures useful for prevention and control of alcohol and drugs abuse among adolescents-

• Avoid undue peer pressure on children.
• Children should be educated and counselled to bear problems and stress in life.
• The child should seek help from parents and elders.
• Affected individuals should seek medical help of qualified psychologists, psychiatrists, and de -addiction and rehabilitation programmes.

Fig. parents help and consultation with qualified psychiatrists can prevent and control alcohol and drug abuse  

THAT'S ALL FOR TODAY .

CONTINUE STUDYING IN 5TH PERIOD .

NO HOMEWORK .

ASK YOUR DOUBTS .